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“... Barbuda and Redonda ; St. Kitts, Nevis,
and Anguilla; Montserrat, Dominica, and the Virgin
Islands.
Adjoining the West Indian islands are the colonies of
British* Guiana on the mainland of South America and
British Honduras in Central America, which have many
interests in common with them.
The other islands of importance beside those men-
tioned above are: Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Santa Cruz
or St. Croix, and St. John (American); Guadeloupe
(with its dependencies the Saintes, Marie Galante,
Desirade or Deseada, and St. Bartholomew), and
Martinique (French); Curasao and its dependencies
(Dutch), and St. Martin (owned jointly by the Dutch
and French).
GEOLOGY. The West Indian islands are partly
volcanic and partly of coral formation. Many of the
almost land-locked harbours are obviously the craters of
extinct volcanoes, and there are also other signs, of
volcanic action.
The islands are understood to be the peaks of a sub-
merged range of mighty mountains, known to...”
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“...Chapter VIII
THE LEEWARD ISLANDS
The Leeward Islands are a British Colony comprising
the Presidencies of Antigua (with its dependencies Bar-
buda and Redonda), Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis
(including Anguilla), Dominica and the Virgin Islands,
which were federated by an Act of the Imperial Parlia-
ment in 1871 (34 and 35 Viet. cap. 107). Their total
area is 704 square miles, or about that of the county of
Surrey. The seat of government is Antigua.
ANTIGUA
Where Nelson refitted his ships in 1805
Antigua—pronounced “ Anteega ”—which is situated
in latitude 170 6' N. and longitude 6i° 45' W., about 40
miles east of Nevis, the same distance north of Guade-
loupe, and 27 miles north-east of Montserrat, has an area
of 108 square miles and a population of 28,864. The
island, which is the seat of government of the Leeward
Islands, is oval in shape, and has three distinct charac-
teristics. In the south and south-west it is volcanic and
mountainous; in the north and...”
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“...
year it was ceded to England by the Treaty of Breda, and the
Government was1 entrusted to Lord Francis Willoughby’s
I brother, Lord William Willoughby of Parham.
The subsequent history of Antigua has been, on the whole,
uneventful. A few years after the cession of the island there
I were only five hundred black people in it, while a hundred years
later the population included 37,808 slaves, 1,230 free people
I of colour, and 2,590 whites. In 1689 the inhabitants of Anguilla
1 sought refuge in Antigua, which was defended from the in-
jcursions of the French and Indians by Sir Timothy Thornhill
I and a body of troops. The notorious Mr. Parke became Governor
jin 1706. Violent dissensions arose between him and the
populace, but he refused to resign and was at length killed by
; a riotous mob on December 7th, 1710.* Antigua has been
J visited on several occasions by hurricanes of great severity—
{notably in 1681, 1740, 1792, 1849, and 1899.
CONSTITUTION. By an Act of 1871, one...”
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“...2i6 POCKET GUIDE TO THE WEST INDIES
ST. CHRISTOPHER or ST. HITTS
The Mother Colony of the British West Indies
St. Christopher, better known as St. Kitts, which with
Nevis and Anguilla is a Presidency of the Leeward
Islands, lies in latitude 170 18' N. and longitude 62° 48'
W., 45 miles to the west of Antigua. It is about 23
miles long, and has a total area of 68 square miles
and a population of 22,415. The island is volcanic,
and consequently very mountainous. The central part
consists of a range of rugged mountains running south-
east and north-west, culminating in Mount Misery,
3,711 feet high. These mountains, which are clothed
with virgin forest bush and grass, run down to the coast.
Their lower slopes, known as “ Mountain Lands,” used
to be planted with sugar-cane ; but they are now mostly
used as pastures or are given out to the labourers, who
grow ground provisions on them. The main range at its
south-east end breaks into a semicircle which encloses a
fertile...”
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“... Hood’s meeting with De Grasse
in the Basseterre Roads on January 25th, when the French
admiral was completely outmanoeuvred, an event described by
Captain Mahan as one of the finest feats in the annals of naval
warfare. Hood induced his opponent to leave his anchorage,
and, cleverly tacking, brought his ships to anchor at the precise
spot which the French had just quitted, a manoeuvre which
was watched by a large number of onlookers from the slopes of
Nevis. The island was, however, restored to England by the
Treaty of Versailles in 1783, which followed Rodney’s victory
over De Grasse off Dominica on April 12th, 1782. St. Kitts
has been British ever since, although it was raided by Villeneuve
in 1805, just before the battle of Trafalgar.
CONSTITUTION'. The Government of St. Kitts, Nevis, and
Anguilla is administered by an officer entitled the Administrator.
There is one Executive Council for the Presidency, consisting
of the Governor, the Administrator, the Colonial...”
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“.... Nevis forms part of the Presidency of St.
Christopher and Nevis, which also includes the island of Anguilla.
These islands were united by a Federal Act of the Leeward
Islands Legislature in 1882.
Magistrate
Mr. A. C. K. Tibbits.
ACCOMMODATION. Charlestown. The Bath House Hotel is
recommended. Board and lodging, 12s. 6d. per day, including
use of the baths (see opposite page). Special terms can be quoted
for families or for a lengthened stay out of season. Branchdeane
House. Board and lodging, 10s. per day. Mrs. Daniell’s
Boarding House. Board and lodging, 8s. i,d. per day.
COMMUNICATIONS. Nevis can also be reached from St.
Kitts by motor-launch which plies daily. The boat fare from
steamers to the shore is is. per passenger. Motor-cars can be
hired from the garages of J. A. Maloney and F. Henville. No
fixed tariff is adhered to, but is. 6d. per mile is the usual fare
for cars. For the drive round the island,'a distance of 20 miles,
£1 ios. is the usual fare; but for...”
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“...ANGUILLA
233
years ago from an old Quaker burial ground at Pollard’s,
by the late Hon. P. T. Huggins,-on which is inscribed the
following epitaph upon Captain Jacob Lake, who suc-
ceeded Sir Thomas Warner as Governor of Nevis :
Here lyes the Mirour of each martiall mind
Religion who confirmed and refind
In all his actions who was fortunate
An atlas to support the weight of state
This ilands safgard and her foes decrease
The flower of armes and the tower of peace
' Now Nevis mourne reading this epitaph
Here Jacob resteth and here lyes your staffe.
Here lyeth the Body of Captaine
Jacob' Lake Esquier late Governour of this Iland Nevis
who departed this life in October 1649.
By the side of this tombstone is another to the memory of
Governor Lake’s daughter.
A drive Bound the Island is to be recommended. The
distance is 20 miles, and the road is excellent. The views
en route are extremely attractive. To Newcastle at the
I extreme north of the island the distance is 7...”
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“...234 POCKET GUIDE TO THE WEST INDIES
red or yellow clay with coralline debris. Over about
one-third of its area the coral is seen jutting out in
boulders of various sizes, or stretching in belts from one
side of the island to the other, and over another third
there is but a thin layer of soil, which is not sufficiently
deep for agricultural purposes. The remaining third is
very fertile.
-1
li
i
p
|!
INDUSTRIES. Cotton is now being successfully cultivated p
in the island, the chief industries of which were until recently j p
the raising of live-stock and the production of salt and garden P
stock.
CLIMATE. Anguilla, which has a population of 4,230, is '! I'
very healthy.
HISTORY. The island, which derives its name from its
resemblance to a snake, or possibly from its having been sup- J I'
posed to be 'infested with snakes, was discovered by Columbus E|
on his second voyage in 1493. It was colonised by the English
in 1650. In 1689 the settlers, having been...”
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“... d’en bas.
Discovered by Columbus on December 4th, i493i they
were settled by the French in 1648, and thereafter
shared the vicissitudes of Guadeloupe. On their
momes, or hills, are the remains of several old forts
which testify to the former strength of the position.
The larger of the islands are now devoted to the cultiva-
tion of sugar, cotton, and ground provisions, whilst a
variety of grape grows there to perfection. Many of
the peasants subsist by fishing.
Saint Martin, of which one part is owned by France
and the other by the Netherlands (see page 341), takes
its name fromSieur Saint Martin, who took possession of
the island by virtue of a Commission of Louis XIII.
The chief town in the French quarter is Marigot, and
the staple industry is the cultivation of sugar.
Saint Barthélemy, or St. Bartholomew, lies to the
south of Anguilla, and about 108 miles to the north-
west of Guadeloupe. Its eight square miles are very
mountainous, and its soil, in spite of a...”
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“...ST. MARTIN
341
modem in the world, treats oil from the Lake Maracaibo
district (see page 411). Upwards of 200,000 tons are
dealt with every month. A large bunkering business
is also conducted, and the resulting increase in tonnage
has placed Curasao high, from a statistical point of view,
among the ports of the world. The increased demand
for labour is met by the introduction of large numbers of
inhabitants of Oruba.
In Oruba is the establishment of the “ Lago ” company,
where oil is transferred from the shallow draft vessels
able to cross the two bars at the entrance of Lake
Maracaibo into ocean-going tankers.
Caracas Bay, a former quarantine station with an
ancient Spanish fort and a delightful beach for bathing,
repays a visit. So too does the Ostrich Farm, where
feathers are obtainable. The ostriches appear to
flourish in the tropical climate.
ST. MARTIN
The joint-ou/ned Island
St. Martin, which lies between Anguilla and St. Bar-
tholomew, is partly French...”
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“...INDEX
Abaco, 63, 65
Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 116,
124, 136, 157, 171, 186,
333-4
Absalon, Baths of, 313
Accompong, 293, 294
Acklin Island, 63
Ackwero, 378
Adventure, 377, 378
“ African Companies,” 36
Agatash, 373
Agouti, the, 7
Akyma, 377
Alarm, H.M.S., 116
Albany, 260
Albemarle, Duke of, 63, 349
Albert, Prince (Duke of York),
130
Albert Victor, Prince, 48, 95,
in, 130, 136, 142, 164
Alfred, Prince. See Edin-
burgh, Duke of
Alleyne, Hon. Forster M., 99
Alleyne, Sir John Gay, 109
Almirante Bay, 418
Amatuk, 389
Ambergris Cay, 393, 396
Amerigo Vespucci, 374
Ancon, 428
Andros, 63, 64, 65
Anegada, 251
Anglican Church, the, 39
Angostura bitters, 115
Anguilla, 201, 233-4
Animal Flower Cave, 111
Anne, Princess, 218
Annotto Bay, 260, 287
Anopheles mosquito, 6
Anstey, Bishop A. H., 94
Antoine, Lake, 164, 166
Antigua, 199-212
— Accommodation in, 202
—- Area, situation and popula-
tion, 199
— Books on, 31
— Climate, 200
—- Communications, 202...”
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